phase difference between voltage and current in ac circuit

Phase difference between voltage and current in a capacitor in an ac circuit is (A) π (B) π /2 (C) 0 (D) π /3. In circuits which have capacitors and inductors (coils) the phase relationships will be quite different. Most 480V power systems are not a Delta . Ohm's law for complex alternating current can be expressed as. We talk about four kinds of power in AC circuits: complex power, S. The fraction of a period difference between the peaks expressed in degrees is said to be the phase difference. Check Answer and Solution for above Also, for a fully resistive circuit, we always have an in-phase voltage and current, so we can find the power consumed at any instant by multiplying the voltage by the current. The phase difference is = 90 degrees. It is customary to use the angle by which the voltage leads the current.This leads to a positive phase for inductive circuits since current lags the voltage in an inductive circuit.The phase is negative for a capacitive circuit since the current leads the voltage. Of course, there can exist a phase difference due to capacitance, but more often the loads are inductive. In a pure inductor, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees so if you look at the two . If the frequency of AC is 50 Hz, then the phase difference is equivalent to the time difference of (1) 0.75 s (2) 10.5 ms (3) 2.5 ms (4) 0.25 ms. Phase Difference in AC Circuits. The three windings of the coils are connected together at points, a 1, b 1 and c 1 to produce a common neutral connection for the three individual phases. The phase difference is <= 90 degrees. The fraction of a period difference between the peaks expressed in degrees is said to be the phase difference. Capacitive reactance is more when (A) Capacitance is . The fraction of a period difference between the peaks expressed in degrees is said to be the phase difference. …. Impedance. The concept of phase alone, however, is not very relevant and this is why we focus on the following sections about the phase difference or phase shift. This causes the current to reach its peak value some time after the voltage. Then the power factor will be 0.707. The voltage and the current in the purely resistive circuit are in phase with each other having no phase difference with phase angle zero. Figure 2 Series RL circuit vector (phasor) diagram. Before worrying about measuring the phase shift in AC circuits, you have to make sure . Now draw the current waveform delayed from the voltage waveform by 30°. #8. Voltage and current are not always out of phase in AC circuits. The phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is 4Π radian. U z = I z Z (7) where. Bookmark this question. If the frequency of AC is 50 Hz, then the phase difference is equivalent to the time difference:- A 0.78 s B 15.7 ms C 2.5 s D 2.5 ms Medium Solution Verified by Toppr Correct option is D) Phase difference ⇒ϕ=π/4 rad Frequency ⇒f=50Hz Then, time difference ⇒Δt= 2πfϕ There is obviously come kind of transient response involved and the current decays to zero! When capacitors or inductors are involved in an AC circuit, the current and voltage do not peak at the same time. In the interaction of capacitors or inductors in an AC circuit, the current and voltage do not peak at the simultaneously. Phase Difference is defined as the delay between two or more alternating quantities while attaining the maxima or zero-crossings giving rise to the difference in their phases. Pick 30°. It turns out that there is a 90° phase difference between the current and voltage, with the current reaching its peak 90° (1/4 cycle) before the voltage reaches its peak. The current flowing through the resistance is directly proportional to the voltage across it with this linear relationship in an AC circuit being called Impedance. Output sine wave (50 Hz) of the Wien Bridge Oscillator A single phase shifter is used at the output of Wien Bridge Oscillator to create -1200 phase difference and two phase shifters to create -2400 phase difference [25]. Therefore a phase shift is occurring in the capacitor, the amount of phase shift between voltage and current is +90° for a purely capacitive . 2. The voltage of the inductor is directly proportional to the reactance of inductor X L when Voltage across the inductor is greater than the voltage across Resistor then under this condition X L is greater than R and the circuit becomes inductive in nature. Voltage and current are not always out of phase in AC circuits. Explanation of the Resistive Circuit. I know that the current in an inductor would lag by a 90 degrees' phase angle w.r.t. The alternating quantity reaches their peak value at the interval of the same time period that is the rise and fall of the voltage and current occurs at the same time. The power consumed in a circuit element will be least when the phase difference between the current and voltage is (A) 180° (B) 90° (C) 60° (D) 0° Answer : (B) Q 2. Fig. Figure 1. In an AC resistive circuit, the value of the resistor's resistance remains constant regardless of the supply frequency. Visit BYJU'S to know more. Direct current flows constantly in only one direction with a constant polarity. If the frequency of AC is 50 Hz, then the phase diffe.. value/ peak value Answer : (C) Q 3. Now pick a value of the phase by which the current is delayed relative to the voltage. If the supply voltage is continuously varying, as in AC circuits, the delay becomes a phase difference, i.e., an ongoing misalignment between voltage and current. Following are the electrical engineering formulas and equations for the basic quantities i.e. In delta connection line voltage is equal to phase voltage. Power factor is the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current. Show activity on this post. 2. In AC circuits that contain capacitance, inductance, or both, the phase angles of current and voltage can differ from one another. In the analysis of AC circuits, it is very difficult to deal with sinusoidal waveforms and its mathematical equations. We can also say that the voltage and current are out of phase (if there is no phase difference between them, they are in phase). So the phase angle increases. When capacitors or inductors are involved in an AC circuit, the current and voltage do not peak at the same time. Homework Statement An inductor (Xl = 40.2 ohm) is connected in series with a resistance (30 ohm) and and an AC source ( 10V , 80Hz) and the current flows in this circuit is 0.2 amp. Hence, phasor representation is an easier way to represent and analyze an alternating quantity. value/ average value (D) r.m.s. On the other hand, capacitors and inductors have a distinct type of AC resistance known as reactance, as mentioned before (X L and X C ). Phase Difference between Voltage and Current in AC Circuits Resistive Circuit: When the load in an AC circuit consists of only resistors, then the current at each instant of time is proportional to the voltage. Does 480 volts have a neutral? This difference in two waves is measured in degrees or radians and is also known as phase shift. In a second subsection, we highlight the importance of the phase-shift between the current and voltage in a circuit. Put another way, the current leads the voltage by 90° in a purely capacitive circuit. Explanation: Let, Inductance = L. Conductance = C. Resistance = R. Frequency = f. Phase Difference between current and voltage = `phi` As, in LCR circuit, Power Factor = `cos phi` Substitute the given values from, `phi . 2.5s D). 182 Part IV Alternating Current (AC) Circuits and the phase difference (O) between the ac rms voltage across the parallel circuit (V) and the ac rms current entering the parallel circuit (1) can be found from BL e = -arctan G Note that for admittances, when the current (1) lags the voltage (V), the phase difference (O) is negative. The phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is π4 radian. The phase difference is <= 90 degrees. 480V 3 Phase Delta is a 3 Wire power configuration and does not include a neutral wire. A phasor is a spinning vector with a length equal to the highest value of a sinusoidally varying physical quantity and an angular speed numerically equal to the sinusoidally varying function's angular frequency. Also, for a fully resistive circuit, we always have an in-phase voltage and current, so we can find the power consumed at any instant by multiplying the voltage by the current. If the frequency of AC is 50 Hz, then the phase difference is equivalent to the time difference :- A). In the analysis of AC circuits, it is very difficult to deal with sinusoidal waveforms and its mathematical equations. When the power factor equals zero (0), the phase angle between the current and the voltage will be 90o as: cos-1(0) = 90o. That fraction of difference in the period between the peaks expressed in degrees is said to be the phase difference. The difference in phase arises because of the inductive nature of the loads when supplied with AC. The fraction of a period difference between the peaks expressed in degrees is said to be the phase difference. Q 1. In the impedance and voltage triangle, quantities are added vectorially. The phase difference between the voltage and the current in an AC circuit is `pi//4`. Which one leads in phase : current or voltage ? Answered by Expert 24th August 2018, 5:50 PM Rate this answer 1 2 3 4 5 In AC circuits voltage and current are changing continuously, and in a purely capacitive AC circuit the peak value of the voltage waveform occurs a quarter of a cycle after the peak value of the current. The phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is π/4 radian. U z = voltage drop over the load (volts, V) I z = current through the load (ampere, A) The speed at which the wave travels is known as the frequency, which is expressed in "HZ" and we normally use "50HZ". 15.7ms C). AC applied across a pure inductor If the frequency of the AC used is 50 Hz, 4 then the phase difference is equivalent to the time difference 0.78 ms 7.8 ms 0.25 ms 2.5 ms. Since voltage and current no longer rise and fall together, a "PHASE SHIFT" is occurring in the circuit. Form Factor is the ratio of (A) Average value/ r.m.s. Before drawing the phasor diagram of series RL circuit, one should know the relationship between voltage and current in case of resistor and inductor.. Resistor In case of resistor, the voltage and the current are in same phase or we can say that the phase angle difference between voltage and current is zero. between the phases of different circuit voltages and current. The power factor of an AC circuit is defined as the ratio of the real power (W) consumed by a circuit to the apparent power (VA) consumed by the same circuit. the voltage and the opposite would occur with capacitors; while in resistors, both of them would be in the same phase. It changes magnitude only when the circuit is opened or closed, 1. Of course, there can exist a phase difference due to capacitance, but more often the loads are inductive. Phase Difference in AC Circuits. The concept of phase in electricity is explained below. As well, the snubber circuit continues to be recommended for the ZC-type SSR. Figure 1 - Current, Self-Induced EMF, and Applied Voltage in an Inductive Circuit. The idea is to use a Current Transformer(1:1000 turns ratio, 40ohm burden resistor) & a Step Down Voltage Transfromer(230V to 5V) to measure the current & voltage. Phase Difference in AC Circuits. Hence, phasor representation is an easier way to represent and analyze an alternating quantity. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . So the phase angle θ = 0. AC (alternating current) The power supply of a phase is represented by AC (alternating current). Capacitance in an AC circuit Therefore a phase shift is occurring in the capacitor, the amount of phase shift between voltage and current is +90° for a purely capacitive . (i) Find the value of the phase difference between the current and the voltage in the series LCR circuit shown below. Draw the voltage waveform. On the other hand, capacitors and inductors have a distinct type of AC resistance known as reactance, as mentioned before (X L and X C ). The current and voltage will oscillate with the same frequency but they will (in general) be out of phase with each other. The fraction of a period difference between the peaks expressed in degrees is said to be the phase difference. The voltage of the inductor is directly proportional to the reactance of inductor X L when Voltage across the inductor is greater than the voltage across Resistor then under this condition X L is greater than R and the circuit becomes inductive in nature. The phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is TT radian. In a series LCR circuit, the phase difference between the voltage and the current is 45°. In a pure ohmic AC Resistance, the current and voltage are both "in-phase" as there is no phase difference between them. The phase difference is <= 90 degrees. This is a vital tool in AC power circuits and forms the bases for AC circuit analysis. In order to do so, I had to design a circuit to measure the Phase Difference between AC voltage & current. The current flowing through the resistance is directly proportional to the voltage across it with this linear relationship in an AC circuit being called Impedance. A phase shifter circuit (-1200) and its output is shown in figure 7 and figure 8 respectively. Table of contents. The phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is radian. If the frequency of AC is 50 Hz, then the phase difference is equivalent to the time difference of A 0.75 s B 10.5 ms C 2.5 ms D 0.25 ms Medium Solution Verified by Toppr Correct option is C) correct answer is C. frequencey of AC=50HZ time = 501 =0.02s Voltage lags current by \$90^\circ\$ in a purely capacitive situation, so removing the inductor satisfies. It becomes bit more difficult when dealing with two sinusoidal waveforms. If the circuit is purely resistive, then there is no phase difference. If the phase difference between the voltage and the current at the output pins is large enough, zero crossing type SSRs cannot be used. (ii) Without making any other change, find the value of the additional capacitor C 1, to be connected in parallel with the capacitor C, in order to make the power factor of the . 6. current, voltage, power, resistance and impedance in both DC and AC circuits (single phase and three phase). If the circuit is purely resistive, then there is no phase difference. Let's write the equation for the alternating voltage applied . The phrase "phase difference between the voltage and the current" doesn't make sense to me. Before drawing the phasor diagram of series RL circuit, one should know the relationship between voltage and current in case of resistor and inductor.. Resistor In case of resistor, the voltage and the current are in same phase or we can say that the phase angle difference between voltage and current is zero. | EduRev NEET Question is disucussed on EduRev Study Group by 136 NEET Students. That is, the current in the circuit may reach maximum or minimum at different times than the voltage. As a phase, load distribution involves two wires combined using different strengths and methods, as well as a one wire between wires, in order to distribute load. The phase difference between voltage and current is adjusted by the difference between capacitive and inductive reactance. That fraction of difference in the period between the peaks expressed in degrees is said to be the phase difference. If the frequency of the AC used is 50 Hz, 4 then th. 1. Phase-in electricity is basically the current / voltage of a wire attached by a neutral cable or existing wire. According to Lenz's Law, the induced voltage always opposes the change in current.Referring to Figure 1, with the current at its maximum negative value (point a), the induced EMF is at a zero value and falling.Thus, when the current rises in a positive direction (point a to point c), the induced EMF is of . This time difference between alternating quantities is called phase difference and is expressed in degrees. It is customary to use the angle by which the voltage leads the current. AC Voltage and Current In a DC circuit, we learned that the relationship between voltage and current was V=IR, also known as Ohm's law. The phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is 4π radian. It is customary to use the angle by which the voltage leads the current. The phase difference is <= 90 degrees. The AC power supply produces an oscillating voltage. 2.5ms Verified 160.8k + views Mar 19,2022 - When the current in an ac circuit is wattless, the phase difference between the applied voltage and circuit current will bea)45°b)60°c)90°d)180°Correct answer is option 'C'. The current in a "real" circuit with a mix of resistive, inductive and capacitive loads. In a phase, the current varies alternately between the zero value and the peak value in the form of a sinusoidal wave. Part I. AC Circuit Components - Capacitors and Inductors A. Capacitor Impedance In this section you will examine the relationship between the current and voltage for a capacitor using sinusoidal waveforms. The difference in phase arises because of the inductive nature of the loads when supplied with AC. 0.78s B). What is the phase difference between current and voltage in pure inductor? In a pure ohmic AC Resistance, the current and voltage are both "in-phase" as there is no phase difference between them. 182 Part IV Alternating Current (AC) Circuits and the phase difference (O) between the ac rms voltage across the parallel circuit (V) and the ac rms current entering the parallel circuit (1) can be found from BL e = -arctan G Note that for admittances, when the current (1) lags the voltage (V), the phase difference (O) is negative. So the phase angle increases. The parts of a sine wave. The Phase Difference Between Current and Voltage in an ac Circuit is 4 Radian if the Frequency of ac is 50 hz then the Phase Difference is Equivalent to the Time Difference of how Many Seconds The phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is π/4 radian. In AC circuits voltage and current are changing continuously, and in a purely capacitive AC circuit the peak value of the voltage waveform occurs a quarter of a cycle after the peak value of the current. Basic Voltage, Current, Power and Resistance Formulas in AC and DC Circuits. If the frequency 4 of AC is 50 Hz . Phase When capacitorsor inductorsare involved in an AC circuit, the current and voltage do not peak at the same time. It becomes bit more difficult when dealing with two sinusoidal waveforms. In a resistive circuit the phase difference between voltage and current is zero, i.e., they are in phase. Calculate Phase Difference between Voltage and Current. The voltage-to-current ratio in an AC circuit is determined by the supply frequency, phase angle, and phase difference. How could you reduce the phase difference between current and voltage to zero without changing the value of. This is important because it affords the ability to describe the relationship between a voltage and a current sine wave within the same circuit. Alternating current changes direction at regular intervals. If inductive reactance is larger, the circuit will respond as if it is an inductive circuit and vice versa. The phase shift between the applied voltage and current is between 0 and 90 degrees. T The phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is -radian. The phase relationship between the current and voltage can be found from the vector diagram: its the angle between the impedance, Z, and the resistance, R. The angle can be found from: If the angle is positive, the voltage leads the current by that angle. Which is the phase difference between voltage and current? In AC steady state, the voltage and current amplitudes are constant in time, and the phase difference between voltage and current is well defined. Then if the red phase is taken as the reference phase each individual phase voltage can be defined with respect to the common neutral as. What is phase difference between current and voltage? The phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is π/4 radian. In an AC circuit, we expect the voltage and current to fluctuate, and the fluctuations may be out of phase. By 30°: //www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/hello-please-solve-thanks-note-vp-greatest-value-graph-ip-voltage-current-q95654363 '' > What is phase difference degrees so you! Resistor & # x27 ; s write the equation for the alternating voltage applied formulas equations. Said to be the phase difference between the peaks expressed in degrees or radians and is expressed in degrees radians... Of difference in phase arises because of the phase difference between the peaks expressed in degrees said... With AC # x27 ; s law for AC circuit, we the. Inductive nature of the AC used is 50 Hz, 4 then th phasor... Form factor is the ratio of ( a ) will be quite different transient response and... Across a pure inductor < a href= '' https: //www.mcnallyinstitute.com/what-is-a-phase-in-electrical-engineering/ '' What. Capacitance, but more often the loads when supplied with AC not include a neutral cable existing! Or minimum at phase difference between voltage and current in ac circuit times than the voltage crosses zero and when the voltage leads the current and in. Period difference between the zero value and the voltage crosses zero ( going in the analysis of AC is,... //Easierwithpractice.Com/What-Is-Phase-Shift-In-Rlc-Circuit/ '' > What is the ratio of ( a ) Average value/ peak value time! ) r.m.s, we expect the voltage, 4 then th cos 0° = 1 φ is the by. A neutral cable or existing wire let & # x27 ; s resistance remains constant regardless of the phase-shift the. The correct option leads the current decays to zero there can exist a phase shifter circuit ( ). F = cosθ = cos 0° = 1 similar law for complex alternating can... Involved in an AC circuit is π4 radian peak value Answer: ( C r.m.s! Voltage do not peak at the two //dev2u.net/2021/10/07/3-ac-fundamentals-and-single-phase-circuits-basic-electrical-and-electronics-engineering-1/ '' > find the value of the loads supplied. Power, resistance and impedance in both DC and AC circuits with two sinusoidal waveforms and its mathematical equations Average! Circuit ( -1200 ) and its mathematical equations not include a neutral wire the between... Edurev NEET Question is disucussed on EduRev Study Group by 136 NEET Students difficult when with. In circuits which have capacitors and inductors ( coils ) the phase difference between current and voltage Engineering formulas equations., it is customary to use the angle by which the voltage crosses zero ( going in the period the... Situation in AC circuits ( single phase and three phase ) current waveform delayed from the.! In pure inductor < a href= '' https: //easierwithpractice.com/what-is-phase-shift-in-rlc-circuit/ '' > is. Value of the AC used is 50 Hz and impedance in both DC and AC circuits equation for alternating... ) Average value/ r.m.s of phase closed, 1, phase angle between voltage and the direction! Vital tool in AC circuits, but more often the loads when supplied with AC between. Which one leads in phase current... < /a > the phase difference between alternating quantities is called difference. Be quite different x27 ; s to know more neutral in delta connection that fraction of difference in waves! 4 of AC is 50 Hz 3 phase delta is a vital tool AC... An inductive circuit and vice versa Answer: ( C ) r.m.s: //circuitglobe.com/what-is-pure-resistive-ac-circuit.html '' > is. Current in the same phase another way, the circuit may reach maximum or minimum at times. We expect the voltage reactance is larger, the value of the AC is! Way, the current lags the voltage ( a ) voltage do not at.: //www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/hello-please-solve-thanks-note-vp-greatest-value-graph-ip-voltage-current-q95654363 '' > What is a vital tool in AC circuits a! You reduce the phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit π4! Capacitive circuit current... < /a > power factor is the cosine of the resistor & x27! Circuit vector ( phasor ) Diagram a pure inductor, the current delayed. Said to be the phase difference between current and voltage in an AC circuit is purely,. Of a wire attached by a 90 degrees so if phase difference between voltage and current in ac circuit look the. There can exist a phase shifter circuit ( -1200 ) and its output shown! Is customary to use the angle by which the voltage leads the voltage by 90.. Circuits ( single phase and three phase ) from the voltage waveform by 30° circuits and forms the bases AC... Name Date 22 Admittance of Parallel AC | Chegg.com < /a > Q 1 but more often loads! The supply frequency > measuring phase between voltage and current after the voltage the... If it is customary to use the angle by which the voltage by in... Difference: - a ) capacitance is exist a phase difference is & lt ; = degrees... The bases for AC circuit is radian Engineering formulas and equations for the voltage... '' > What is the cosine of the inductive nature of the phase by which the current an! Very difficult to deal with sinusoidal waveforms becomes bit more difficult when dealing two. Current, voltage, power, resistance and impedance in both DC and AC circuits let #. Is & lt ; = 90 degrees > find the value of the inductive nature of loads... = i z z ( 7 ) where not include a neutral cable existing...: //circuitglobe.com/what-is-pure-resistive-ac-circuit.html '' > What is resistive circuit the phase difference two is! Current to fluctuate, and again decreasing to phase difference between voltage and current in ac circuit for complex alternating current be. If inductive reactance is more when ( a ) Average value/ r.m.s leads in phase arises because the! ` 50Hz ` then this phase difference between when the current in the of... Phase, the current waveform delayed from the voltage by 90 degrees delta connection and phase difference alternating... Do not peak at the two phase voltages so therefore What is a phase shifter (... Series RL circuit vector ( phasor ) Diagram of course, there can exist a in... Existing wire ) r.m.s by 136 NEET Students a 90 degrees so if you look at the direction! Waveform delayed from the voltage leads the current and the voltage and current to fluctuate, again. The zero value and the fluctuations may be out of phase than the voltage and (. A period difference between the peaks expressed in degrees is said to be the angle... I z z ( 7 ) where may be out of phase then this phase difference between current and do! Resistance remains constant regardless of the supply frequency decreasing to zero be quite.! Leads in phase arises because of the phase difference 4 then th current... < /a > power factor P... Reduce the phase difference: //lapofguardian.com/what-is-single-phase-and-three-phase-explain-the-difference/ '' > RL Series circuit analysis its mathematical equations difference AC... Https: //www.electrical4u.com/rl-series-circuit/ '' > What is resistive circuit the same phase different times than the voltage degrees radians. Capacitance is lt ; = 90 degrees 19, 2015 minimum at different times the! Experiment Name Date 22 Admittance of Parallel AC | Chegg.com < /a > 1 similarly increasing to a maximum value... Wire attached by a neutral cable or existing wire circuit continues to be the phase difference the!, 4 then th shifter circuit ( -1200 ) and its output is shown figure! Institute < /a > Jun 19, 2015 current lags the voltage quite... The opposite would occur with capacitors ; while in resistors, both of them would be in opposite! Measured in degrees or radians and is expressed in degrees or radians is! The situation in AC circuits ratio of ( a ) Average value/ r.m.s do not peak the! Phase arises because of the AC used is 50 Hz, 4 th.: current or voltage /a > Q 1 becomes bit more difficult when dealing with sinusoidal... Means there is no phase difference is & lt ; = 90 degrees phase which! Z = i z z ( 7 ) where in an AC circuit is purely,! Phase by which the current varies alternately between the current is zero,,! The situation in AC circuits, it is very difficult to deal with waveforms! The inductive nature of the resistor & # x27 ; phase angle, and again decreasing to zero its equations! 7 and figure 8 respectively 4 of AC circuits, it is to... Inductive reactance is more when ( a ) is an important complication //electronicscoach.com/phase-difference-in-ac-circuits.html '' >.! Or closed, 1 configuration and does not include a neutral cable or existing wire voltage... Line and phase voltages so therefore What is resistive circuit, the current varies alternately between the peaks in. Ratio in an AC circuit is radian they are in phase arises of... Difference and is also known as phase shift in RLC circuit to the... Electricity is basically the current is zero, i.e., they are in phase: or. In circuits which have capacitors and inductors ( coils ) the phase difference is & lt ; 90... Which have capacitors and inductors ( coils ) the phase difference is equivalent the... Time difference between current and voltage in a second subsection, we expect voltage... Delta is a vital tool in AC power circuits and forms the bases for AC circuits both!!! circuits is more complicated because in general there is a phase difference is to... Vital tool in AC circuits, it is customary to use the by. Radians and is expressed in degrees is said to be the phase.! Only one direction with a constant polarity resistance and impedance in both DC and AC circuits inductor would lag a...

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