. Bangladesh, with an area of 147,570 km 2, features a flood plain landscape and several river systems throughout the country.This landscape provides the major natural resources of water, land, fisheries, forests, and wildlife. 1) broadly divided into Barguna, Barisal, Bhola, Chandpur, Chittagong, Cox's three r egions: the deltaic eastern region (Pacific type), the Bazar, Feni, Gopalganj,. 5. The coastline is 710 km long that lies parallel to the Bay of Bengal (CZPo, 2005). A 45-centimeter sea level rise in Bangladesh may dislocate about 35 million people from 20 coastal districts by 2050. The data for this study were collected through a survey conducted on 750 rural households in 39 villages of the study area. Recently drainage congestion becomes additional burden in the coastal area of Bangladesh. The coastal zone of Bangladesh 2.1 Coastal boundary Bangladesh, a flood plain delta, is a land of rivers and canals. In the coastal area of Bangladesh, there are many such islands/LTEs which are created due to the devastating effect of some cyclones occurred in the past. An estimated 333,000 people have greater protection from tidal flooding and storm surges and 424,000 . The coast is formed with unconsolidated clay, silt and sand mostly during the Quaternary period. Date released: 1 June 2017 860,000 households affected 4.3 million people affected coastal areas 540,000 poor people 6 Rohingya refugee affected Southeast coast of Bangladesh; Risk of landslide in the Chittagong Hill Tracts 5 districts affected VERSION 0 Priority 1 270,000 poor Households within this classification reside Bangladesh's coastal area covers about 20% of the country and over thirty percent of the net cultivable area. With the consequence of climate change, it gradually extends towards inland water and soil. 3. Bangladesh Geography Bangladesh covers an area of 147,570 sq km, a little more than the size of Greece. 102490. doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102490 APA Bangladesh is bounded on the south by the Bay of Bengal. The epidemiological data on shigellosis in Teknaf, a coastal area of Bangladesh, were reviewed for a 10-year period (1975-84). The coastline of Bangladesh is about 710 km long and the continental self extends over an area of about 24,800 sq. The geomorphology of Bangladesh has always made the country vulnerable to natural hazards such as storm surges, cyclones, inundation, and seawater intrusion. Coastal vulnerabilities Vulnerabilities Sea level rising Coastal erosion Cyclone and storm surges Pollutions Salinity intrusion Water logging and flood Diseases Deforestati on 6. Due to the rise in temperature, crop production will be reduced by about 30%. DHAKA, Bangladesh, Jan 15 2019 - As a country with a large coastline, the adverse impacts of saltwater intrusion are significant in Bangladesh. A higher percentage of the population lives below the absolute poverty line in the coastal area than in the rest of the country. . People in Bangladesh coastal areas faces extreme drinking water challenges because of higher water salinity levels. With an area of 148,460 sq. To accommodate these changes, frequent updating Kabir and others were present on the occasion. Coastal mortality is also higher than other parts of the country due to salinity, especially among children. Another estimate by the Asian Development Bank highlights that overall rice production in Bangladesh will likely decline by seventeen percent by the year 2050 . . Vulnerabilities in the coastal zone of Bangladesh are increasing with accentuations of natural hazards and sea level rise caused by various factors. Coastal areas cover about 20%. Though, initial outcome of this intervention was positive, it has also caused severe damages to livelihood of people. The Southwestern coastal zone of Bangladesh is agro-based and one of the world's most populous, poverty-stricken and food-insecure regions. VISION & MISSION Vision A prosperous, empowered and healthy coastal community with equal rights, dignity and social justice irrespective of caste, creed and gender. Bangladesh has a coastline of 710 km, and the coastal zone extends over 47,150 km 2 areas. Water scarcity could displace 700 million people by 2030, and people in the coastal areas of Bangladesh are already having to migrate amid the harsh conditions they face every day. However, rice production decreased regularly, because of tidal flooding and rising salinity . CODEC has been growing and evolving into efficient and effective non-governmental development organization in the coastal area of Bangladesh. Advertisement 3. In all the study areas, settlement area considerably increased over time. It extends from 20'34N to 26'38N latitude and from 88'01E to 92'41E longitude. This study attempted to measure the livelihood sustainability status that had taken by the . Information on the extent to which long term climate changes, weather variability Thus, the coastal zone of Bangladesh, the lowest landmass of the country, is continually influenced by these Himalayan drainage ecosystems that join to form one of the largest, youngest, and most active deltas in the world. safe water supply in many areas of Bangladesh through improved water supply sources comprising different types of water technologies, some regions of Bangladesh still continued to suffer from water scarcity and quality. Notwithstanding, Bangladesh has a long history of coping with disasters and recovery form damages. Cyclone has both direct and indirect effects on human life and socio-economic development of a country. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute has . The total area of Bangladesh is about 2,48,677 sq km. The Bangladeshi part of the Sundarbans comprises 60 % of the whole area which is largely a flat coastal land formed across the area of ancient Ganges delta (ADB, 1998: 1). Independently¸ delineation of the coastal zone in Bangladesh is done for many different purposes and from different perspectives. Bangladesh's coastal zone spans over 580 km and includes territory where 28 percent of the population resides. Abu Jabed, PhD ∗∗ Abstract This paper articulates some definition related to cyclone, gradient wind equation and gradient wind speed, explanation of cyclone and anticyclone, classification and causes of cyclones, historical cyclones in Bangladesh, the main fact of cyclonic storm The average sunshine data of these areas show that the period of bright (i.e., more than 200 W/m 2 intensity) sunshine hours in the coastal region of Bangladesh varies from 3 to 11 hours daily and the global radiation varies from 3.8 kWh/m 2 /day to 6.4 kWh/m 2 /day . Climate change would decrease the yield of ³boro ´ rice by 55-62% and wheat by 61% by 2050 in Bangladesh (Adger, 2003) . The coast of Bangladesh, located at the head of Bay of Bengal, is a low lying, micro to macro tidal coast with varying tide amplitude of 2 - 4 m. The coastline stretches about 580 km along the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) delta. This amount of radiation is sufficient to produce electricity using solar cells. This paper is based on available secondary sources major cyclones hit the coastal belt of Bangladesh from the (published and grey literature) on the impacts of climate past 200 years [16]. 1. The Indian States of west bengal, assam . Vulnerability of Coastal Area 7. The rate of local relative sea level rise is 7 mm/year around the coastal areas of Bangladesh (Emery and Aubrey, 1990). The extremely strong wind blew away the tin roof of Sabura's house and a powerful tidal surge smashed . Cyclone Sidr, which assaulted the southwestern region of Bangladesh on November 15-16, 2007, caused severe damages, killing 3,363 people, leaving another 871 missing, affecting 8.92 million people, and destroying 560,000 homes. 1) are considered in this study; these . A recent World Bank study suggests that climate change will have caused significant changes in the overall river salinity in the southwestern coastal areas of Bangladesh by the year 2050. Certain similarities and differences were observed in the epidemiology of the disease in Teknaf when compared with urban Dhaka and rural Matlab. Fallow land of coastal area will be brought under cultivation: Razzaque. At present, the coastal belt of Bangladesh has 139 "polders" or low-lying tracts of land enclosed by earthen embankments. interior coast and exterior coast. Maximum extension is about 440 km in the E-W direction and 760 km in the NNW-SSE direction. The coastal region in Bangladesh covers almost 29,000 km 2 or about 20% of the country land area, while it covers more than 30% of the cultivable lands of the country (Haque 2006).In terms of administrative consideration, 19 districts out of 64 are considered as coastal districts (BBS 2011; MoEF 2007).Ten out of 19 coastal districts of Bangladesh (Fig. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute has . Materials and methods 200 respondents have been selected . These locations are Parky Saikat near Patenga, Chittagong; Mognamaghat, Pekua, Coxs Bazar; Muhuri Dam, Sonagazi, Feni; and Kuakata, Patuakhali. Zircon flour made from Bangladesh zircon can effectively replace imported zircon flour in ceramic glaze, if adequate size reduction and purification is carried out. Spatial prediction of seaweed habitat for mariculture in the coastal area of Bangladesh using a Generalized Additive Model MLA Subrata Sarker, et al. During the last 100 years, Bangladesh has experienced 53 major cyclones. the coastline is of 734 km involving coastal and island communities of about 50 million people, nearly about one-third of the total population of bangladesh. Since it is not possible for that people to mitigate this effect, therefore, adaptation to climate change impacts is their natural choice. Journal of Materials Processing . It extends from 20'34N to 26'38N latitude and from 88'01E to 92'41E longitude. Due to salinity, food production is less than the requirement of 160 million people in the world every year. km, Bangladesh is the eighth most populous country as well as one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The dynamics of land use change have been attributed to low and unstable food production in the coastal region. As a first follow-up activity to decision 11/7 of the governing council, the Executive Director of UNEP convened, in cooperation with South Asian cooperative Environment programme (SACEP), a meeting on national focal points of the states of the region in order to seek their views on how to proceed in developing a comprehensive action plan for the protection and management of the marine and . It extends inside up to 150 km from the coast. An increase in sea level raises the base level of rivers, which in turn reduces the gradient of river flow. Coastal zone of Bangladesh consists of 19 coastal districts that are Jessore, Narail, Gopalganj, Shariatpur, Chandpur, Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Pirozpur, Jhalakati, Barguna, Barisal, Patuakhali, Bhola, Lakshmipur, Noakhali, Feni, Chittagong, and Cox's Bazar [ 1 ]. It projects a median increase of 26 percent in salinity by 2050, with increases over 55 percent in the most affected areas. The southern coastal regions of Bangladesh are only 1m to 3m above mean sea level [ 3 ], which has resulted in seawater contamination of its drinking water [ 7 ]. The country is sloping gently from the north to the south, meeting the Bay of Bengal at the southern end. Bangladesh (/ b æ ŋ l ə ˈ d ɛ ʃ /; Bengali: বাংলাদেশ, pronounced [ˈbaŋlaˌdeʃ] ()), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia.It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 163 million people in an area of either 148,460 square kilometres (57,320 sq mi) or 147,570 square kilometres (56,980 sq mi . (CPWF) engaged local farmers and carried out farmers' field research in high saline areas of southwestern Bangladesh since 2012, to seek ways of making coastal brackishwater aquatic agricultural . This is the country report on environmental problems in Bangladesh. Boro paddy has been planted on fallow land for the first time in about 100 bighas of land in Bakerkathi village. Coastal zone of Bangladesh consists of 19 coastal districts that are Jessore, Narail, Gopalganj, Shariatpur, Chandpur, Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Pirozpur, Jhalakati, Barguna, Barisal, Patuakhali, Bhola, Lakshmipur, Noakhali, Feni, Chittagong, and Cox's Bazar [1]. Bangladesh, home to 160 million people, is among the countries most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. km which covers 19 districts. The coastal zone has a population of 38.52 million (BBS 2011). The total area of Bangladesh is about 2,48,677 sq km. Bangladesh is one of the most cyclone prone countries in the world. Kabir and others were present on the occasion. In the coastal areas like Cox's Bazar, Teknaf, Kutubdia, Bhola, Patuakhali, Barguna etc we can grow shrimps very easily. This study tries to explore the experiences of cyclones Sidr and Aila affected people living in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. The Indian States of west bengal, assam . Director General of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Shahjahan . This study has been conducted in three districts, named Bagerhat, Khulna and Shatkhira district of Bangladesh. . Salinity mainly affects land and water in the coastal areas. Dakop Upazila of Khulna division went under water after Aila in 2009 and people suffered badly. First, a large-scale human intervention called, Coastal Embankment Project (CEP), was initiated in 1960 in order to protect the floodplain from periodic inundation of saline water to boost the agricultural growth in the area [12]. The coastal zone2 of Bangladesh spans over 710 km of coastline and is prone to multiple threats. Among the impacts of climate change, the serious concern for Bangladesh is the relative sea level rise (RSLR). Though cyclone affects almost . This paper describes physical conditions within individual physiographic regions in Bangladesh's coastal area based on ground-surveyed information, and it reviews possible area-specific mitigation measures to counter predicted rates of sea-level rise in the 21st century. the coastal areas of bangladesh has been classified into two broad categories viz. As a result, the discharge of rivers decreases as the water flow becomes sluggish, creating a backwater effect further . The exposure of disaster varies based on its surroundings and resilience of the people. Around 40 per cent of the population here are children. Though climate change has pushed Bangladesh's southern zone to the edge, communities fight back to recover from this situation, and the result has started to become evident in some areas. Geo-Social Context of Bangladesh's Coast The coastal areas of Bangladesh is different from rest of the country not only because of its unique geo-physical characteristics but also for different socio-political consequences that often limits people's access to endowed resources and perpetuate risk and vulnerabilities. Almost 9, 00,000 people died owing t o change on coastal zone of Bangladesh. Sumsun and Haseeb, A.S. Md. These four sites are representatives of the entire coastal areas of our country. An area of more than 128,000 ha crop land is affected due to water congestion from those three coastal districts of Bangladesh (Figures 9b, 10). The global sea levels rise due to climate change brings seawater closer to freshwater sources. Boro paddy has been planted on fallow land for the first time in about 100 bighas of land in Bakerkathi village. . Dhaka, Bangladesh, Abstract— II.Coastal communities confront a lot of challenges including natural hazard, flooding, cyclone, salinity intrusion, drainage congestion etc in the face of climate change. The findings from this World Bank research will . ffthe coastal zone of bangladesh depending on the geomorphological … Coastal mortality is also higher than in other parts of the country due to salinity, especially among children. These economic activities are fully dependent on natural resources and Women in coastal and haor areas need to go miles to collect a . Coastal areas cover about 20%. Millions can be benefited through RWHS if it is installed in a larger scale across the areas where people are struggling to source water. Bangladesh is a densely populated, low-lying, mainly riverine country located in South Asia with a coastline of 580 km (360 mi) on the northern littoral of the Bay of Bengal. Weather Alert - U. S. Embassy (Dhaka, Bangladesh) (Nov 7, 2019) Location: Bay of Bengal; all coastal area around Bangladesh. This study was conducted in the cyclon … The geographical location and climatic condition of the country are responsible for cyclone and other natural disasters. Coastal geography of Bangladesh 1. Apparently, the south-western coastal area of Bangladesh is confronting at great risk for its geophysical settings. The Government of Bangladesh has issued an early warning Level 2 (danger) alert in the coastal area, indicating a cyclone has formed and may be approaching. Environmental problems of the marine and coastal area of Bangladesh | UNEP - UN Environment Programme Skip to main content miles. Cyclones and storm-surges are common events in the coastal areas of Bangladesh and these have devastating effects in these areas where about 25 per cent of the population . The economic activities of coastal zone are circulated by fishing, agriculture, salt farming and shrimp cultivation. Abdul (2008) Production and purification of zircon opacifier from zircon found in the coastal area of Bangladesh. "As a result of climate change, salinity in Bangladesh's coastal areas has increased [a great deal], causing a lack of sweet water. For example, the Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI) specified "the coastal area which is affected by tidal changes in water level in the Bay of Bengal, extends up to 150 km from the coast". According to Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the total population in 16 coastal districts amounts to around 34 million (24 percent) over an area of 42,000 square kilometres (29 percent). The coastline is of 734 km involving coastal and island communities of about 50 million people, nearly about one-third of the total population of Bangladesh. 2. 6.733. Event: Cyclone Bulbul formed in the Bay of Bengal. na. In the south-west region of Bangladesh there exists about 200,000 ha (including the 128,000 ha from reported three districts) of natural and artificial wetlands (unpublished report). Coastal Zone of BANGLADESH 4. Both the shallow and deep aquifer system is contaminating by saline intrusion in coastal Bangladesh. With support from World Bank projects, lives and livelihoods have been protected. "Spatial Prediction of Seaweed Habitat for Mariculture In the Coastal Area of Bangladesh Using a Generalized Additive Model." Algal research, v. 60 ,. Hafez ahmad Coastal Geography of Bangladesh 2. In this paper, water consumption behaviour in two southwestern coastal districts of Bangladesh has been investigated. Then, on May 20, Cyclone Amphan, one of the strongest storms in decades, hit coastal areas of Bangladesh and India, leaving about 118 dead and affecting millions. near India-Bangladesh border area and had an area of 2,500 sq m in 1974 as per the satellite data released by USA. The delta plain of the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), and Meghna Rivers and their tributaries occupy 79 percent of the country. Shahin Alam ∗ Md. It extends across Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal with a total area of approximately 10,000 square km. Out of 2.85 million hectares of the coastal and offshore areas about 0.83 millions hectares are arable lands, which cover over 30% of the total cultivable lands of Bangladesh. Similarities included: round-the-year infection with two peaks, one in . Due to salinity, food production is less than the requirement of 160 million people in the world every year. Bangladesh Geography Bangladesh covers an area of 147,570 sq km, a little more than the size of Greece. As their heights need to be reassessed, all polders, whether sea-facing or inland, will benefit from mangroves in the foreshore area - the land along the water's edge. In a worst-case scenario, Bangladesh could lose nearly 25 percent of its 1989 land area by around 2100. A major sea port and a coastal city, it serves as the largest sea port, thus playing a vital role in the economy of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is considered one of the countries most at risk to the effects of climate change and its coastal area is most vulnerable. Maximum extension is about 440 km in the E-W direction and 760 km in the NNW-SSE direction. . Bangladesh has improved the resilience of its highly vulnerable coastal zone, having an integrated approach of cyclone shelters, strengthened polder systems, nature-based solutions, and early warning systems. Extended Area in Bangladesh: The coastal zone of Bangladesh lies within the tropical zone between 21-23' N and 89-93' E. The coast of Bangladesh is about 700 km long and can be broadly divided into three regions: the deltaic eastern region (Pacific type), the deltaic central region, and the stable deltaic western region (Atlantic type). . In Chittagong Coastal Plain, salt pan-shrimp area increased with the expense of single and/or double cropland. About 20 million people in the coastal areas of Bangladesh are affected by salinity for pure drinking water. The whole coast runs parallel to the Bay of Bengal, forming 710 km long coastline (CZPo, 2005). of which about. 4.1 List of Existing Adaptation Practices in SW Coastal Area of Bangladesh The local people of South-Western coastal area are struggling against the adverse climate change impacts for a long time. The country currently faces several environmental issues which threaten these resources, including groundwater metal contamination, increased groundwater salinity . on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) , coastal area of Bangladesh may go under saline water by 2050. Thus, individuals in these areas often suffer from waterborne diseases. Bangladesh Geography. Fallow land of coastal area will be brought under cultivation: Razzaque. Because the weather and condition of water & soil in these places are very suitable for growing Shrimps. Table 2 [10] shows the wind speeds at four locations in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. 35.1 million people are living in the coastal areas are Bangladesh which are counted as 28 percent of total population size of the country. Coastal Area of Bangladesh Md. Bangladesh Geography. pp. The coastline of Bangladesh (Fig. This book has been written based on the experiences of the author about the local farmer's knowledge on salinity problem, shrimp farming and the impact of shrimp farming on economy of local farmers and on the micro-environment of rice field in the coastal area of Bangladesh. Due to the rise in soil salinity, Chittagong and Khulna districts are . In agricultural sector, rice was the main crop in the area, in the 1950s, . We started struggling to eat two times a day properly," Sabura told UCA News. The estimated amount of losses was a huge 115.6 billion taka. This paper explains the problem, faced by shrimp cultivators in the coastal area of Bangladesh and the solution of those problems with the current attitude of shrimp farmers on shrimp culture. About 36.8 million people is accommodating in the coastal zone (MoWR, 2006).Noakhali is a district in South-eastern coastal zone of Bangladesh which geographically stands on Over the last 60 years, the land-use pattern of the coastal Bangladesh has changed repeatedly. The resources catastrophic cyclone throughout the last 35 years [16]. Also, the changing climate has . Director General of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Shahjahan . Community Development Centre 3. According to the coastal . 7.2 How the LULC changes occurred in the coastal area of Bangladesh. Chittagong - is the second-largest city of Bangladesh. The coastal area of Bangladesh is 47201 sq. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 1, June 2012, pp 1-6 Original Article Prevalence of Vibrio alginolyticus in Sediment Samples of River and Coastal Areas of Bangladesh R. Siddiqui1, M. M. Alam1, M. N. Naser2, Y. Otomo3, M. Yasmin1, J. Nessa1 and C. R. Ahsan1* 1Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka . This paper aims to outlines the method of Uca News a worst-case scenario, Bangladesh has a long history of coping with disasters and recovery form damages over! Zone spans over 580 km and includes territory where 28 percent of the country faces... About 35 million people in Bangladesh coastal area of bangladesh the country that overall rice production regularly. And haor areas need to go miles to collect a is considered one of the entire areas. From waterborne Diseases, salt pan-shrimp area increased with the expense of single and/or double cropland with! Rise in soil salinity, food production in coastal area of bangladesh coastal areas source water change on coastal zone extends an! Powerful tidal surge smashed and 424,000 shrimp cultivation Dhaka and rural Matlab state of Bengal! Of approximately 10,000 square km waterborne Diseases the whole coast runs parallel to the south by the major.. Teknaf when compared with urban Dhaka and rural Matlab around the coastal region attempted measure! That lies parallel to the rise in Bangladesh may dislocate about 35 million people are to... Congestion becomes additional burden in the NNW-SSE direction to the Bay of Bengal is installed a... Country as well as one of the marine and coastal area of coastal area of bangladesh. Water challenges because of higher water salinity levels Bangladesh is about 440 in... Change brings seawater closer to freshwater sources, therefore, adaptation to climate change seawater... Border area and had an area of 147,570 sq km, a little more than requirement!, rice was the main crop in the coastal areas are Bangladesh which are counted as 28 of. Coastline and is prone to multiple threats million people from 20 coastal districts of is. 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